Colour Theory

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Colour Theory

SEM 11.07 Komentar

If you understand the theory of colours you are better placed to choose the right colour for the right job

When presenting a design or an idea your choice of colours is very important. Many surveys have been carried out on the general public to find out what people like. The findings suggest that very young children like bright, vibrant colours (reds, yellows and oranges etc...) whilst older people like more gentle or sophisticated colours and tones such as shades of blue. It is very important for a designer to understand the way colours are put together/created as this may help in the selection of the right colour scheme for a particular age group. Next time you pass a poster look closely at the colours - the designer has considered them very carefully.

What is Colour?

Colour is how the eye perceives reflected light. What I will explain here are the three main components of a colour: hue, value and saturation.

colour properties

• Hue is where a colour is positioned on the colour wheel. Technically the hue is the colour which it a design element in itself.
• Value is the darkness or lightness of a colour and is a design element in itself.
• Saturation is the intensity of a colour.

The Colour Wheel

The Colour Wheel

The colour wheel can be seen above and this can be used to help remember primary and secondary colours. The secondary colours are in between the primary colours - for example - between red and blue is purple. Quite simply, mixing the primary colours of red and blue paint together will produce the secondary colour purple.

An important rule of the colour wheel is that colours opposite to each other on the colour wheel usually work well together as a colour scheme. These are known as complimentary colours. Complimentary colours are often used together in graphic design as they tend to give the image/graphic a sense of balance and are visually more aesthetic.

Primary Colours

These are colours that cannot be created through the mixing of other colours. They are colours in their own right. The three primary colours are RED, YELLOW and  BLUE. Primary colours can be mixed together to produce secondary colours.

Secondary Colours

The secondary colours are in between the primary colours on the colour wheel to depict the mixing of the primary colours on either side to create the secondary colour between. The formulae below show the combinations required to produce secondary colours.

YELLOW + BLUE = GREEN

BLUE + RED = PURPLE

RED + YELLOW = ORANGE

Complimentary Colours

As already mentioned, the complimentary colours are those opposite to each other on the colour wheel and which, when used together in a design, are more visually aesthetic or "pleasing to the eye". The complimentary colours are...

RED and GREEN

YELLOW and PURPLE

BLUE  and ORANGE

Meaning of Colours

Designers have a large range of colours at their disposal and most are well aware that certain colours are associated with feelings and emotions. The diagram below show a number of popular colours and the feelings/emotions to which they are associated. Designers, companies and manufacturers use colours cleverly to promote a certain feeling about their products.

meaning of colours

Colours in Context

Colours also have an effect on your visitors before they begin to read the content of your web site or printed design. Thus, it is very important for you to consider your target audience, the psychology of colour, and the corporate image you wish to project BEFORE you complete your design.

Colour can have different meanings in different scenarios

Using Colour

When colour is used correctly, it can add impact and clarity to your message and highlight important points. Alternatively When colour is used incorrectly, it can compromise your message and confuse your target audience.

Colour can work for your web site and printed materials in various ways:

• Colour emphasizes, highlights, and leads the eye to important points or links.
• Colour identifies recurring themes (i.e. titles and subtitles are usually the same colours).
• Conversely, colour can differentiate, such as different colours in pie charts and bar graphs.
• Colour symbolizes and triggers emotions and associations.

The interpretation of a colour depends on culture, profession, and personal preference. In general, the colours red, orange, and yellow are "exciting" colours and the colors purple, blue, and green are "calming" colours.

Interpretation of colour is not always a matter of personal preference. For example, in Western cultures the colour white symbolizes purity; however, in China the colour white symbolizes death.

To summarise, it is very important to consider your target audience, the psychology of colour, and the image you wish to project before you construct your web-site, printed materials, and logo.

For information on creating your own colour scheme for a design project see the colour schemes section.

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Design Presentation Tips

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Design Presentation Tips

SEM 02.51 Komentar



Sample Presentation Board

When presenting a single design or an entire design portfolio there are certain tips and techniques that you should consider. If you are creating a presentation board for an interior design project, visit our extended article specifically dedicated to Interior Design Presentation boards. When presenting a design concept board information contained within the presentation drawings can be supplemented by accompanying text. This text is another important element in the design of a graphic presentation. The display of text needs to be considered, it might be boxed out or weaved into the actual drawings. In terms of the general layout of a presentation board consider these tips.

General Presentation Tips:

• A good presentation should not be cluttered, it needs to have sufficient space to allow the information to be easily read and absorbed.

• The information may be rendered in varying sizes or using different graphic styles and techniques.

• The content should align purposefully as this will help the viewer read the individual elements as a collective set.

• The graphic presentation style you choose should complement the design idea being conveyed and of course the presentation should clearly communicate the designers idea, concept and intention.

• Overall keep it clear and simple.

•  Remember that any text is supplementary; the drawings should remain the primary means of communication and the focal point of the presentation.

When planning a design presentation portfolio needs careful consideration and organisation, but using a storyboard framework can help you organise the content of your portfolio of work. Before you begin follow these steps...

Portfolio Presentation Tips:

• Determine the audience for your presentation. What will they want to see?

• Write an outline or brief for your presentation

• Draw up a sequenced list of content for you presentation

• Consider the best format and layout of the sheet(s)

• Choose a font style and size that will compliment your images. Remember you will need to use the font consistently throughout

• Consider the distinct, separate sections of your presentation

• For concept boards, denote the creative journey of your presentation. Indicate in words and sketches the sequence of the project and the specific images associated with it

• For multiple page projects, label each page according to the sequenced list of contents you compiled earlier.

• Consider how the content connects to one another. Edit and revise where necessary until you are happy with the narrative

• Once happy with everything, assemble your portfolio so it corresponds with the flatplan.

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Top 5 Interior Design Tips

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Top 5 Interior Design Tips

SEM 10.04 Komentar

1. Start With Something Special

This room could have started with the blue lamp....

Start a project by picking just one item that you really like. That could be a anything from a fabric pattern , a piece of furniture, a cushion to a piece of art. The item doesn't need to be a feature piece it just gets you started.

Then let that item set the theme and style for the room and you'll find that the rest of your decisions will follow on from that. Easy!

2. Feature Something, But Not Everything

The artwork is left alone on the wall so it can be a feature, other art would only detract and distract from it

Don't try and make everything a feature. Let the real feature stand out, give it room to breath and be appreciated. 

Keep an open mind on what can be a feature. It could be anything from a fireplace to a painting or maybe an old fashioned chandelier.

3. Keep It Consistent

This room is consistent in terms of style and colour palette

Aim to maintain the one style throughout the room and preferably throughout the house, whether your chosen style is traditional, modern, contemporary or of a particular era. 

If you want an eclectic mix it is still possible but choose carefully, as it is a style that can look very disjointed and messy rather than stylish if there is not some connection between the items, whether that be colour, design era or materials (eg. natural).

4. Showrooms Are Big Places

Mark out the scale of the furniture you want in the space before you buy

Measure the space and the furniture before you buy

People often make the mistake of buying furniture in a showroom that then looks way too big when you get it home. Measure your interior space before you buy and ideally test the scale of the item you want in the place you want using sheets of newspaper to mark out floor area that will be covered. You can also bring in old chairs and cover them with sheets to get a feel for height. 

And don't automatically go for a suite, especially if you're limited for space. Consider a sofa and some individual chairs or recliners because the chairs that come in a suite are often huge.

5. Light Is Open, Dark is Cosy

Even though the room is bright the dark wall and fabrics help close in the space and make it feel more cosy

The white wall and light wood floors along with the large mirror make this small space feel open and spacious

There is a reason that show houses use magnolia and white on the interior walls. It's because light colours reflect more light and have the effect of making spaces feel larger so you'll pay more. Mirrors will also achieve the same effect.

There is also a reason that pubs and bars have darker colours on the walls and other surfaces as it has the effect of closing in the space and making it feel cosy, that way you'll feel more comfortable and stay longer

These simple but effective colour choices can also be utilised in your own spaces.

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How To Be More Creative

5 tips on creativity 5 ways to be creative creative creativity design theory how to be creative top 5 creative tips ways to be creative

How To Be More Creative

SEM 08.02 Komentar

1. Create the Right Environment

Every single individual can be creative, you simply require the right environment, stimulus, and support. Children are full of creative energy  in part because they have not yet learned to fear the criticism of their peers or experienced embarrassment from failure. This is why firms like Google go to great lengths to provide employees with a workplace resembling an adult playground. The goal is to create an environment that lets employees feel comfortable with vocalizing creative, even wacky, ideas.
Businesses that value creativity need to do their best to foster a creative, safe space where unusual ideas are celebrated and where creativity is nurtured. Though not all creative ventures will work out, ultimately some will. So try to work in bright, light spaces with plenty of fun, playful toys and "distractions" around to keep your inner child happy.

2. Doodle and Sketch

Two tips here really but they are in the same area so I've combined them into the one.

Doodling, contrary to popular opinion, does not demonstrate a lack of focus. In fact, doodling can enhance recall and activate unique neurological pathways, leading to new insights and cognitive breakthroughs.  So when your in a creative rut, just relax your mind and let the pen loose. 

Always keep a sketchbook handy and have a deskpad at your workstation so you always have a surface to draw on when an idea hits or when trying to eek one out. Don’t over analyse your results just draw to get an idea out of your head and out into the world so it isn't forgotten or dismissed by your mind before it's given a chance.

3. Try New Things

Creativity flourishes when you put yourself outside of your comfort zone and try something new. So try painting, pottery, or woodworking, learning a new language, picking up a new instrument, or taking a class. Anything really, as long as it's new - even a new method of doing what you always do, just in a different way. It may give you a new perspective on things.

4. Try the 30 Circles Test

This creative exercise comes from researcher Bob McKim,

Take a piece of paper and draw 30 circles on the paper. Now, in one minute, adapt as many circles as you can into objects. For example, one circle could become a sun. Another could become a globe. Try to create as many as you can in one minute.

It's unlikely you'll get to 30, largely because we have a tendency as adults to self-edit. Kids are great at simply exploring possibilities without being self-critical, whereas adults have a harder time. Sometimes, even the desire to be original can be a form of self-editing.

5.Visualize

One of the best ways to help your creative process along is visualizing what you are trying to achieve. If you don't at least have an idea in your mind of what you are trying to achieve then you are unlikely to know when you are finished or even if you are making progress.

Simply close your eyes and create a mental image of what you are doing and how you want it to progress. See yourself being successful and creative and you will be.

And if my top 5 tips for being creative are not enough then perhaps the infographic below will be.

I'm not sure where I found this wonderful infographic but thought I'd share it anyway as I have found it a very useful reference when the dreaded creative block rears it's ugly head. If you do know where it came from then let me know through the comments as I'd love to give them credit.

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Layered Image Effect Using CSS

css css image effects css tutorials CSS3 images programming web web design web development

Layered Image Effect Using CSS

SEM 08.49 Komentar

This tutorial outlines a simple but impressive CSS effect for you to use on your website.

The effect...

  

The HTML

<div class="box1"><img src="images/picture1.png" /></div><div class="box2"><img src="images/picture2.png" /></div><div class="box2"><img src="images/picture2.png" /></div>

The CSS

div.box1
{
z-index:1;
position:relative;
-webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg);
-ms-transform: rotate(-3deg); 
-o-transform: rotate(-3deg); 
transform: rotate(-3deg);
}

div.box2
{
z-index:2;
position:relative;
left:-150px;
}

div.box3
{
z-index:3;
position:relative;
left:-350px;
-webkit-transform: rotate(3deg);
-ms-transform: rotate(3deg); 
-o-transform: rotate(3deg); 
transform: rotate(3deg);
}

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The 10 Key SEO Techniques

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The 10 Key SEO Techniques

SEM 08.00 Komentar

SEO Techniques

The role of the SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) Specialist is to optimise a website to make them as visible as possible to Internet search engines, in order to increase their rankings and maximise traffic to them. Search engines, especially Google, are very reluctant to reveal how their algorithms work so it is impossible to specify exactly how to optimise a website perfectly, however there are still some tools and techniques which are known to improve a website's visibility to search engines. It is these tools and techniques that are discussed here.

1 - Web Page Names:

As well as the obvious choice of the name of the website itself it is also important to consider how you name each individual web page. The name of the web page is the second thing a search engine will read, after the website name itself, so it is an important opportunity to include keywords and describe what content is on the page. When designing a website page names are usually saved as all one word, for example 'web design' becomes 'webdesign', as it is quicker to type and easier to remember.

TIP: You may consider instead saving it as web-design or web_design as it allows search engines to identify the two separate words, which are both keywords, instead of not recognising the singular word 'webdesign'. Also avoid using abbreviations for page names, for the same reason.

2 - Web Page Titles:

The title of a web page is written in the HTML code in the head section of the page and appears in the top of the browser window or in the tab of newer browsers. See a sample code and sample result below.

The title of a web page is extremely important as is showcased by the fact that it is the first and largest thing in the Google search results. See the example below, the title is in blue.

3 - Article Headings and Sub Headings:

Headings, created with the 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', elements are important for highlighting these Keywords. As they are headings and not just body text they are seen as being more important for describing, in short, the content that will follow. Therefore try to integrate relevant headings into the content of your website for better SEO but also for another reason.

In today's fast paced world people don't really read articles or webpages, they skim through them to try to quickly find the content they are looking for. By using headings and sub headings in your webpages you are breaking up any long, boring looking passages of text into smaller, more manageable chunks and helping your visitors with this process and they are therefore more likely to find the content they need and stay on your website longer. This will help with your pages bounce rate.

4 - Keywords and Description:

When someone uses a search engine they normally don't type full sentences like 'I am looking for information on design' , they usually just type in 'design' or 'design information', in this case 'design' and 'information' are the keywords. It is important that your website contains the key words relative to it. This used to be done using meta tags, some search engines still use meta tags, but due to the practice of keyword 'stuffing' (repeating key words over and over) search results were beginning to become unreliable as the best/ most relevant pages were not necessarily making it to the top of the rankings. Google admits it no longer uses meta tag keywords, although it still does use the meta tag descriptions and the description usually appears as the sentence below the website title (in blue) and address (in green)in the search results. See the example below,

The code for meta tag keywords and descriptions goes in the head section of the HTML code, as it is information about the page but it does not appear on the page itself (otherwise it would go in the body section). To see an example of meta tag code see the example below,

Although meta tags are useful, it is much more important to include the keywords, that you think potential visitors will be searching under and which match the content of your website, in the website content itself. Despite all the tools, techniques and tricks associated with SEO it still all comes down to the quality of content in the website, content is king! So be sure to tweak the body text to include as many keywords or keyword synonyms as possible, without of course, ruining the content itself. The quality of the content must remain high as even if you get to number 1 in the search engine rankings when visitors come and don't find the information they are looking for they will leave the site just as quickly as they arrived!

5 - Web Links:

Links, in two senses, can help a website's ranking in search engine results. Firstly, by linking your website with other websites and getting them to link back to you, you are enhancing your website's online reputation and demonstrating that it is a trustworthy and safe website for visitors. Search engines regard trust and safety highly as they do not wish to lead searchers to an unsafe or virus filled website.

Secondly, the links within your website are another opportunity to include keywords in the content. As links are 'marked up' in a different way to normal body text it is only logical to presume that search engines will read it in a different way to standard body text. The click-able content of the link and the link title (which should be included on every link) should be descriptive enough to let the website visitor find the information they need which in turn keeps the visitor on your website for longer and increases the sites traffic statistics while also reducing the 'bounce rate'. The 'bounce rate', according to Google Analytics, is 'the percentage of single-page visits (i.e. visits in which the person left your site from the entrance page). Bounce Rate is a measure of visit quality and a high Bounce Rate generally indicates that site entrance (landing) pages aren't relevant to your visitors. By having clear and obvious links, especially in the menu section, visitors are more likely to stay on your website and search for the information they need.

6 - Images:

With the evolution of search engines people can now search directly for images or videos without having to go through the site on which they are hosted. Despite this, search engine haven't evolved to the point where they can directly extract the meaning from a photo or a video. Therefore search engines are still reliant on the information we provide them through names, alt attributes, title attributes, headings, surrounding context, and so on.

The simplest thing you can do to increase the meaning of 'img' elements is to use proper file names. For example, let's say we have a web page about web design and I took a photo of someone sitting at their computer that I then wanted to post up on the page. Cameras will auto-generate a file name to my photo, such as DIM1234.jpg, so it is important to rename it to something that specifies the content of the image such as web-designer-at work.jpg. Now the URL of the image will be something like http://example.com/web-designer-at-work.jpg. The image now has a better chance of being indexed for terms such as 'web design' and 'designer at work'. The image may eventually rank in the results for Google Images and drive traffic to your website.

The second aspect involved in optimizing images for SEO is placing important keywords in the image's alt and title attributes. Here's another example,

<img alt= "web designer at work.jpg" title="web designer at work" src="web-designer-at work.jpg">

The alt attribute is typically regarded as the primary attribute of an image that a search engine will use for gaining context. But don't stuff keywords in them, write your alt attributes primarily for your visitors. Search engines view alt attribute keyword 'stuffing' as a bad practice and may remove your image from search results.

7 - Videos:

Much like images, videos can't be crawled by their content. However, there are metadata that you can include to help search engines understand what the video is about. The main thing to optimize is the title of the video, especially when you're using a third party streaming service such as YouTube or Vimeo. Secondly, add keyword tags to videos when uploading them to YouTube and Vimeo which they use in their site search. Another element that affects the search results of a video is the video's description. The description is an opportunity to include the keywords that you wish the video to be found under, without 'stuffing' of course. A good description will go a long way to increasing the videos ranking in search engine results.

Another way to increase ranking in the search results for videos is to get as many views, Facebook Likes and +1's on your video as possible. This is based on the logical assumption that search engine algorithms take social sites into account as a ranking factor. If your video gets a substantial amount of Facebook Likes compared to other videos in the same category, there is a higher chance it will rank better for your targeted keywords.

So SEO for images and videos takes little time to implement and can provide significant results, especially in niche markets. For example, when you're having trouble getting a page or article to rank for a competitive keyword in your niche, posting an optimized video or image may help you get a leg up. At this time, search engines can't index the actual content of an image or a video, but we can provide them with greater meaning and context using the simple and practical techniques we have discussed.

8 - Page Load Speed:

The page loading speed of your website is now known to have an effect on how Google ranks it in it's listings. A faster loading website is immediately more user friendly and with studies showing users will click out of a website if a webpage is not at least partially loaded after 3 seconds then having a website optimised for speed is a must.

Google provides an excellent resource to test the speed of your webpages, in desktop and mobile terms, and then outlines possible improvements with links to articles on how to go about it. This very useful resource is referred to as the Google Page Speed Insights and can be found here.

TIP: Images, videos, ads and any widgets will always be the main culprits for slowing down a webpage but don't rush to delete valuable content, just optimise what is needed and remove anything unnecessary.

  Click here for more tips to improve your website loading speed.

9 - Mobile Friendliness:

A noticeable feature on the Google page speed insights results which also appears on Google AdSense and Analytics account pages is a reference to mobile friendliness. It may appear under different names such as user experience or site responsiveness or mobile compatability but the point remains the same; Google values how mobile friendly a website is. In each of these cases you will get a rating or score for your website and a link or links to articles'tutorials on how to improve it. Why is this relative for SEO you ask; because if Google are going to the effort of encouraging you to improve it and assisting you in doing so then you can be sure they are factoring it into their search algorithm.

As with the page speed, you should not go deleting valuable content or spoiling your websites design just to achieve a better score but a few small tweaks or removal of secondary content when an article is being viewed on a mobile device should be considered. Page load speed is a major factor in mobile friendliness but don't forget font sizes, spaced links (tap targets) and a clean simple layout.

10 - Create a Google Account:

A Google account allows SEO Specialists to utilise their online tools, such as Google Webmaster (Search Console), analytics or web optimiser tools. As well as these extensive tools, the simple but vital act of submitting a website to be included in the Google rankings can only be done if you have a Google account.

Having these tools at your disposal is one thing but it is vital that you utilise them effectively and use them often. SEO techniques change frequently, so a large part of the SEO Specialist's job involves research, self-study and reading in order to stay up to date with developments in the industry. Thereafter you will be responsible for analysing the website statistics that these tools provide in order to monitor the effectiveness of the website and make adjustments as necessary.

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UE4 Landscape Editor

gaming Introduction landscape landscape editor landscape editor ue4 terrain editor tool UE4 UE4 terrain Unreal Unreal Engine 4

UE4 Landscape Editor

SEM 08.45 Komentar

Landscape editor mode in UE4

In this tutorial I will be showing the basics of the Landscape Tools in Unreal Engine 4 and what they are used for.

Once you create a new level in Unreal Engine 4 you have to choose the landscape's size and material.

Landscape 

For this tutorial I am going to be using the default grass material, witch can be found in the content browser in Unreal Engine 4. After choosing the material and clocking Create you level will be filled in with the material you chose and the size you wanted also.

Landscape after creating

After your landscape has been filled in you can use the selection tool to select certain areas of your level.

The Landscape Editor Tools...

The Selection tool, selects Landscape components, one at a time for subsequent use with other tools, such as moving components to streaming levels and deleting components. Left mouse click to select components, Right mouse click to de- select components.



The Add tool, adds new components to the landscape one at a time.
Controls- Left mouse click to add new component.









The Delete tool, deletes selected components from the Landscape
Controls- Left mouse click to delete selected components if there are none selected it deletes the components that are highlighted by moving the mouse over it.



The More Level tool, moves the selected components to the current streaming level. This makes it possible to move sections of the Landscape into a streaming level so that will be streamed in and out with that level, optimizing the performance of the Landscape.




The Change Component Size tool, Changes the size of the whole Landscape not individual components. With this tool you can change the size of the Landscape components and adjust how many sections each component has in the Change Component Size.




The Edit Splines tool, Landscape Splines are a flexible system for creating any linear feature that needs conform to a Landscape, and can even push or pull the terrain to better facilitate building these features. They are created and edited using the spline tool in the Landscape toll.

The next Tab of the Landscape tools are the Sculpt tools...

Inside the Sculpt Tool bar there are a number of different tools, I will be talking about all of them in this tutorial.



The Sculpt tool, Increases or decreases the heightmap height in the shape of the currently selected brush and falloff
Controls- Left mouse click, heightens or increases the selected layers weight.
Shift + Left mouse click, Lowers or decreases the selected layers weight.

                                        

  Showing Increase

                                     

Showing Decrease

The Smooth tool, Smooths the heightmap. The strength determines the amount of smoothing.
Controls- Left mouse click to Smooth.

                                                                             

 Showing Smoothing tool

The Flatten tool, flattens the Landscape to the level of the Landscape under the mouse cursor when you first activate the tool.
Controls- Left mouse click to Flatten


                                                                           

Showing the Flattening tool

The Ramp tool, enables to select two different locations on your landscape and create a flat ramp between them with a falloff you specify on the sides.
Controls- Ctrl + Left mouse click on two locations marking the start and the end of the ramp.

                                                                                 

 Showing unfinished ramp

                                             

Showing done ramp

The Erosion tool, uses a thermal erosion simulation to adjust the height of the heightmap simulating the transfer of soil from higher elevation to lower elevations. The larger the difference in elevation, the more erosion will occur.


                                                                                       

 Showing Erosion

The Hydro Erosion toll, uses a hydraulic erosion simulation to adjust the height of the heightmap. A noise filter is used to determine where the initial rain distributed. The simulation is calculated to determine water flow from that initial rain as well as dissolving water transfer, and evaporation. The result of that calculation provides the actual value used to lower the heightmap.

                                                                                   

Showing HydroErosion

The Noise tool, applies a noise filter to the heightmap or layer weight. The strength determines the
amount of noise. Also the noise filter is related to position and scale, which means if you do not change Noise Scale, the same filter is applied to the same position many times.

                                                                                       

Showing Noise Tool

The Visibility tool, lets you create holes in your ladscape for such things as caves.




The Region tool, selects regions of the landscape using the current brush settings and tool strength to be used to fit a landscape gizmo to a specific area or to act as a mask for copying data to/or pasting data.


                                                                                 

 Showing Selection Tool

The Copy/Paster tool, is used to copy height data from one area of the landscape to another through the use of Landscape Gizmo.




I hope this is really helpful for first time users or if anyone wants to brush up on the Landscape Tools.

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